{"id":7973,"date":"2024-02-13T04:31:28","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T03:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.ac.rs\/?p=7973"},"modified":"2024-06-04T15:11:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T14:11:48","slug":"prljusa-mali-sturac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.ac.rs\/en\/prljusa-mali-sturac\/","title":{"rendered":"PRLJU\u0160A-MALI \u0160TURAC"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”9504″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1707795885380{padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #f9f9f9 !important;}”]Project Name:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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  1. Mali \u0160turac prospecting: prehistoric mining research (since 2010)<\/li>\n
  2. Arrangement, protection and presentation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Prlju\u0161a archaeological site on Rudnik (from 2019)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Project director:<\/strong> Dr Vidan Dimi\u0107 (1); Dr Emilija Nikoli\u0107 (2)<\/p>\n

    Team members:<\/strong> Dr Dragana Antonovi\u0107, Dr Selena Vitezovi\u0107, Dr Bojan Popovi\u0107, MA Danica Mihailovi\u0107, Ana Cicovi\u0107<\/p>\n

    Collaborations:<\/strong> Museum of the Rudnica-Takovo region, Gornji Milanovac[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    Mali \u0160turac, located in Prlju\u0161a, Rudnik Mountain’s lowest summit in central Serbia, is one of the largest ancient mines in the Balkans. It was used by the bearers of the Bubanj-Hum culture throughout the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age. In the bottom half of the site, geophysical testing discovered more than 20 historic mine holes concealed behind a thick layer of stones and gravel. These shafts, along with a large quantity of mining hammer stones, attest to prehistoric mining activity. No evidence of additional ore processing has yet been identified, either on the site or in its near surroundings. In 2017, Prlju\u0161a was designated as an archaeological site, and in 2019, tourists were welcomed.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]One of the largest prehistoric mines in the Balkans is located in Prlju\u0161a, on Mali \u0160turac, the lowest peak of Rudnik Mountain, in Central Serbia. It was exploited during the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age by the bearers of the Bubanj-Hum culture. Even today, there is a large amount of carbonate copper ore, especially malachite, but it was never exploited after prehistoric times. It is assumed that one of the main reasons is that the ore is found in tough rocks, which makes exploitation somewhat demanding, although the fact that there are richer copper deposits in the Balkans that are still exploited today should not be excluded. It was extracted from veins that were located at a shallow depth, due to which irregular mining shafts were created with winding corridors and small extensions called galleries. Therefore, the ceilings in those shafts remained relatively thin and had no support, so they collapsed over time and buried the old mining pits. Geophysical research has revealed more than 20 old mining shafts hidden under a thick layer of stones and gravel in the site’s lower part. However, some prehistoric shafts are so large that they were not completely buried and are still visible on the surface. These shafts and the vast number of mining hammer stones bear witness to extensive mining activity in prehistoric times.<\/span><\/p>\n

    The tough rocks in which the malachite was hidden were the reason for the complex technology of ore exploitation. The stones were heated by fire, traces of which have been documented in the excavated shafts. The heated rocks were then quickly cooled by water, which is easily accessible all around the site. The cracked rocks were broken with large hammer stones, and a set of smaller hammer stones was used to extract the pure malachite. No traces of further ore processing have been discovered, either on the site itself or in its immediate surroundings.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Dr Borislav Jovanovi\u0107 discovered the site in 1980. Initial research was carried out from 1981 to 1989 and resumed in 2011. This continues to this day with the financial support of the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia, and donations from the companies Rudnik and “Rudnik” A.D., from Rudnik.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]Following a decision of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, the site of Prlju\u0161a gained the status of an archaeological site in 2017 (Slu\u017ebeni glasnik RS 13\/2017). Given the great importance of Prlju\u0161a, it was proposed by the Archaeological Institute in 2018, with the support of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments in Kraljevo, to present the investigated structures to the public. The excellent preservation of old mining shafts and hard rocks that do not crumble under the influence of weathering offered a good opportunity to present the explored areas to a broader audience, so the area around the shaft Object 1, which has been excavated since 2014, was opened to visitors in 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n

    In 2019, an access ramp was constructed, Object 1 and the slope were secured with wooden fences with a bench, and information panels were installed, making Prlju\u0161a the only example of a prehistoric mine open for visitors in Serbia. The successful implementation of this project confirmed the possibility of sustainability in the presentation of the archaeological site with minimal interventions, and provided guidelines for the further planning of its entire space. After arranging and presenting the area surrounding the mining shaft (Object 1), a safe space for visitors was arranged at Prlju\u0161a, and the site was officially sign-posted for the first time.<\/span><\/p>\n

    The archaeological site of Prlju\u0161a attracts an increasing number of visitors every day. Considering that experts, visitors, and the local community very positively received the implemented interventions, a project was drawn up to arrange the remaining part of the site and connect the explored mine shafts in a unified presentation. During 2022, the arrangement of additional access paths and the installation of wooden fences, benches, and information boards related to other archaeological remains of mining were continued, and securing the space around another prehistoric shaft is planned, as well as the furnishing of the mining corridor from the modern era with the installation of tracks, wooden substructures, and an entrance gate.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    Selected bibliography:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    Nikoli\u0107,\u00a0E.,\u00a0Popovi\u0107, B., Antonovi\u0107, D., Vitezovi\u0107, S., Dimi\u0107, V.<\/b>\u00a0<\/span>2021.<\/b>\u00a0Za\u0161tita rudarsko-geolo\u0161kog nasle\u0111a planine Rudnik: ure\u0111enje prostora oko praistorijskog okna na arheolo\u0161kom nalazi\u0161tu Prlju\u0161a \u2013 Mali \u0160turac, u S. Vitezovi\u0107, M. Radi\u0161i\u0107, \u0110. Obradovi\u0107 (ur.)\u00a0<\/span>Arheologija u Srbiji. Projekti Arheolo\u0161kog instituta u 2019. godini.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Beograd, Arheolo\u0161ki institut: 363-376.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Antonovi\u0107, D., Vitezovi\u0107, S., Dimi\u0107, V. 2021.\u00a0<\/b>Prlju\u0161a, Mali \u0160turac: istra\u017eivanje u 2019. godini, u: S. Vitezovi\u0107, M. Radi\u0161i\u0107, \u0110. Obradovi\u0107 (ur.),\u00a0<\/span>Arheologija u Srbiji: projekti Arheolo\u0161kog instituta u 2019. godini<\/span><\/i>, Beograd, Arheolo\u0161ki institut: 59\u201368.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Antonovi\u0107, D., Vitezovi\u0107, S., Dimi\u0107, V.2021.\u00a0<\/b>Prlju\u0161a, Mali \u0160turac: istra\u017eivanje u 2018. godini, u: S. Vitezovi\u0107, M. Radi\u0161i\u0107, \u0110. Obradovi\u0107 (ur.),\u00a0<\/span>Arheologija u Srbiji: projekti Arheolo\u0161kog instituta u 2018. godini<\/span><\/i>, Beograd 2021, 55\u201361.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0414., \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u045b, \u0415., \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0421., \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0411., \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u045b, \u0412. 2020.<\/b>\u00a0\u041f\u0440\u0459\u0443\u0448\u0430, \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446 \u2013 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443,\u00a0<\/span>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0440\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0435\u00a0<\/span><\/i>44: 66\u201371.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Dimi\u0107, V. (2019).\u00a0<\/b>Hammering the Past: The Experimental (Re)construction and Usage of Prehistoric Mining Hammerstones from Prlju\u0161a-Mali \u0160turac site, Rudnik Mountain;\u00a0<\/span>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440,\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442, \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434: 85\u2013112<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0426\u0438\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0410., \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0414., \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0414. 2018<\/b>. \u0420\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0443, \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a: \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430, 4. \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442 \u2013 7. \u0441\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440 2018. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a: \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433. \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a: \u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u201e\u0420\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u201d; \u0413\u043e\u0440\u045a\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446: \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0458 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0430<\/span><\/p>\n

    Antonovi\u0107, D., Dimi\u0107, V. 2017<\/b>. Copper ore exploitation at the site of Prlju\u0161a on Mali \u0160turac, in S. Vitezovi\u0107, D. Antonovi\u0107 (eds.)\u00a0<\/span>Archaeotechnology studies: Raw material exploitation from prehistory to the Middle Ages<\/span><\/i>, Beograd, Srpsko arheolo\u0161ko dru\u0161tvo : 117 \u2013 142.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Antonovi\u0107, D., Vukadinovi\u0107, M. 2017<\/b>. Ping\u0435 2 at Mali \u0160turac: archaeological and geophysical investigation of ancient mining, in I. Miloglav (ed<\/span>.) MetArh \u2013 05th International scientific conference Methodology & Archaeometry, Zagreb, 30th November \u2013 1st December 2017<\/span><\/i>, Zagreb, Croatian Archaeological Society: 39.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Dimi\u0107, V. 2017<\/b>. The (Re)construction and usage of mining hammerstones from copper mining site of Prlju\u0161a \u2013 Mali \u0160turac: experimental archaeology, in I. Miloglav (ed<\/span>.) MetArh \u2013 05th International scientific conference Methodology & Archaeometry, Zagreb, 30th November \u2013 1st December 2017<\/span><\/i>, Zagreb, Croatian Archaeological Society: 39 \u2013 40.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0414., \u0412\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u041c., \u0426\u0438\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0410.\u00a02014<\/b>, \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0443: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 2010 \u2013 2012. \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435,\u00a0<\/span>\u0417\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0458\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0430<\/span><\/i>\u00a07: 5\u201320.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u0414. 2013<\/b>. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0452\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0428\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0430 : \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 2011. \u0438 2012. \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0417\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0458\u0430 XXI-1: 61\u201376.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Antonovi\u0107, D., Vukadinovi\u0107, M.\u00a02012,<\/b>\u00a0Eneolithic mine Prlju\u0161a \u2013 Mali \u0160turac: archaeological and geophysical investigations,\u00a0<\/span>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440<\/span><\/i>\u00a0LXII (2012): 95 \u2013 106.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bogosavljevi\u0107,\u00a0V.\u00a01995.<\/b>\u00a0Minning hammerstones of Prlju\u0161a \u2013 Mali \u0160turac site, in B. Jovanovi\u0107 (ed.)\u00a0<\/span>Ancient minning and metallurgy in Southeast Europe: International Symposium, Donji Milanovac, May 20-25, 1990<\/span><\/i>, Bor, Belgrade 1995: 37 \u2013 44.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jovanovi\u0107, B. 1983<\/b>. Mali \u0160turac \u2013 ein neues pr\u00e4historisches Kupferbergwerk in Zentral erbien,\u00a0<\/span>Der Anschnitt: Zeitschrift fur Kunst und Kultur im Bengbau (Bochum)<\/span><\/i>, 4\u20135 (1983): 177\u2013179.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1529917889058{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_gallery type=”flexslider_slide” interval=”3″ images=”9526,9516,9510,9508,9506,9504,9502,9500,9496,9512″ img_size=”large”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1529917889058{padding-top: 10px !important;padding-bottom: 25px !important;}”][vc_column]

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    \n\t\t\t\t\u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>[vc_empty_space]
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    \t\t\t\t\tDr Dragana Antonovi\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Dr Dragana Antonovi\u0107 has , since 1990, been involved in the research of the technological development of prehistoric societies, particularly Neolithic and Eneolithic. Her research is focused on the production of stone and copper tools and weapons from the territory of Serbia to reconstruct the processes of acquiring the raw […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \t\t\t\t\tDr Selena Vitezovi\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Dr Selena Vitezovi\u0107 researches the prehistory of south-eastern Europe, particularly the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. She is engaged in the research of a large number of prehistoric localities in south-eastern Europe. Dr Vitezovi\u0107\u2019s focus is on research related to the economics and technology in prehistory, particularly on the analysis […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \t\t\t\t\tMA Danica Mihailovi\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic of south-eastern Europe; the Palaeolithic open-air sites; economy of chipped stone. MA Mihailovi\u0107\u2019s research is related to the technology of production, organisation of distribution, and use of stone tools, which enables an insight into the social organisation, economy and mobility of the hunter-gatherer communities in the […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \t\t\t\t\tDr Vidan Dimi\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Dr Vladan Dimi\u0107 has, since 2010, researched archaeotechnology, that is the exploitation, manufacture, use and circulation of stone raw materials and tools in prehistory, particularly during the Neolithic in Serbia. Dr Dimi\u0107 started the research related to the mentioned topics on abrasive and polished stone tools from the locality of […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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    \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\t<\/div><\/div>\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”9504″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1707795885380{padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #f9f9f9 !important;}”]Project Name: Mali \u0160turac prospecting: prehistoric mining research (since 2010) Arrangement, protection and presentation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Prlju\u0161a archaeological site on Rudnik (from 2019) Project director: Dr Vidan Dimi\u0107 (1); Dr Emilija Nikoli\u0107 (2) Team members: Dr Dragana Antonovi\u0107, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":9573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[186,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prehistory","category-metalna-doba-en"],"yoast_head":"\nPRLJU\u0160A-MALI \u0160TURAC - 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