{"id":7640,"date":"2023-10-09T13:05:03","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T12:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.ac.rs\/?p=7640"},"modified":"2024-05-28T16:42:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T15:42:44","slug":"naissus-mediana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.ac.rs\/en\/naissus-mediana\/","title":{"rendered":"NAISSUS \u2013 MEDIANA"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”5663″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1707398845406{padding-top: 20px !important;padding-right: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 40px !important;background-color: #f9f9f9 !important;}”]About the project<\/b><\/p>\n

Mediana \u2013 Imperial Residence of Constantine the Great<\/span><\/p>\n

Director of the project:<\/b> Dr Nade\u017eda Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas<\/span><\/p>\n

Team:<\/b><\/p>\n

Dr Igor Bjeli\u0107, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade<\/span><\/p>\n

MA Marija Jovi\u0107, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade<\/span><\/p>\n

Museum advisor Vesna Crnoglavac, National Museum, Ni\u0161<\/span><\/p>\n

Curator Slobodan Miti\u0107, National Museum, Ni\u0161<\/span><\/p>\n

Co-operation:<\/b><\/p>\n

National Museum in Ni\u0161<\/span><\/p>\n

Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia, Belgrade<\/span><\/p>\n

Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, Ni\u0161<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The archaeological site of Mediana is an open-type settlement located about 4 km east of Ni\u0161 (Naissus<\/i>). It developed from an agricultural farm to a luxurious administrative-residential complex with buildings of various purposes. It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great who, in the period between 317 and 334, often stayed in the Balkans and then built and reconstructed different buildings at Mediana, of which the villa with peristyle is the most significant and the most fully explored building. Mediana represented an imperial residence that was visited by different successors of Constantine the Great (such as Constans and Constantius II) who continued to reconstruct and build at Mediana, and where, in 364, Valentian I and Valens divided the army and the Roman empire between themselves.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The archaeological site of Mediana is located about 4 km east of Ni\u0161, next to the former ancient road <\/span>Via Militaris<\/span><\/i>. Mediana is an open-type settlement, which covers an area of about 80 ha, with its eastern border next to the modern settlement of Brzi Brod.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 1933, the first research of Mediana was officially started by the National Museum in Ni\u0161, under the leadership of Adam Or\u0161i\u0107-Slaveti\u0107, and in 1935, and 1938, of Rudolf Bratani\u0107. In 1936, the museum building was constructed.<\/span><\/p>\n

After the Second World War, in 1949, as one of the most important antique sites, Mediana was placed under the protection of the state. The first surveys started in 1961, under the leadership of Miodrag Grbi\u0107. Extensive protective archaeological research was carried out from 1975 to 1989, under the direction of Dr Ljubica Zotovi\u0107. A new phase of Mediana\u2019s research was initiated by infrastructure needs. Between 1994 and 1996, the team of the Archaeological Institute, headed by Dr Peter Petrovi\u0107, began protective research on the area. In the period from 2000 to 2007, under the leadership of Dr Miloje Vasi\u0107, the realisation of the idea of the Archaeological Park of Medijana was initiated. In the 2010-2011 campaigns, research was continued on the premises of the villa with peristyle. Archaeological research continued under the leadership of Dr Nade\u017eda Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas. In 2019, after more than half a century, the archaeological excavations of the baths (thermae) in the north-western corner of Constantine the Great\u2019s villa started again and in 2021, the project for the conservation and presentation of the thermae was initiated, with the conservation of thermae beginning in 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Archaeological excavations attest to the existence of three construction phases at Mediana, which span from the end of the 3<\/span>rd<\/span> to the middle of the 5<\/span>th<\/span> century. Intense life at Mediana lasted during the reign of Emperor Constantine, his sons Constans and Constantius II, and Julian the Apostate, until the settlement at Mediana was destroyed by the invasion of the Huns in 441-443.<\/span><\/p>\n

Several buildings of different functions have been confirmed at Mediana, the most important of which are: a central residential complex that includes a villa with peristyle, baths, courtyards and a ceremonial entrance, as well as buildings outside the enclosure wall, a villa with octagon, a horeum, military barracks, a water tower and two early Christian churches. To supply the settlement with water, at the end of the 3<\/span>rd<\/span> century, a water tower (castellum aquae) and a reservoir with two basins for settling, filtering and distributing water, were built on the slope of Vla\u0161ko Brdo. From the water tower on the northern part of the building, water was carried through the main channel and one revision channel, towards the settlement.<\/span><\/p>\n

The results of archaeological research so far show that Mediana is an extremely important late antique site, the importance of which is reflected in the fact that it was a luxurious imperial domain whose architecture and style of decoration embodied the aspirations of Emperor Constantine the Great (and, later, also his successors) to mark the place of his origin properly. Extensive and rapid works on the reconstruction of buildings at Mediana and the construction of monumental buildings in the second construction phase (330-378) were related to the preparations for the celebration of the thirty years of Emperor Constantine’s reign. After the completed reconstruction, the appearance and function of the central area in Mediana were changed – with expensive building materials, luxurious mosaics and fresco painting, as well as high-quality sculptures, legitimacy was fully given to a real imperial estate and residence. Since Mediana was located next to the Via Militaris, as the imperial complex of Constantine the Great\u2019s villa, any visitor could see the villa from the road and at the entrance to the Imperial complex of the villa with peristyle they were greeted by a statue of Dea Dardanica, the patron goddess of the Dardanians, to whom Emperor Constantine’s father, Constantius Chlorus and Constantine the Great belonged. The monumentality of the buildings\u2019 architecture was carefully designed and the imperial ceremonial ritual introduced by Emperor Diocletian (known as <\/span>proskynesis<\/span><\/i>), was fully respected, with a clear message about the origin, importance and power of the emperor.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is assumed that after 383, by the order of the Roman emperor, the families of the Gothic federates settled in the area of the residential complex at Mediana. Their graves were found inside and outside the area of the villa with peristyle. The new residents adapted the buildings for their own needs, which is attested by the division of the peristyle space into two parts by a drywall, the construction of a long wooden porch along the eastern facade, as well as the separation of the northern part of the villa complex by a wall of pebbles or crushed stone connected with mud or poor lime mortar. Two early Christian churches, around which a necropolis of Gothic settlers was discovered, also belong to this period. Life in the ancient settlement at Mediana was interrupted by the invasion of the Huns in 441 and the area itself was inhabited again only from the 11<\/span>th<\/span>-12<\/span>th<\/span> century.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since 2019, with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia, the area of the baths (thermae) at Mediana has been excavated, and since 2022, conservation and restoration works have been conducted, with the goal of an accurate and adequate presentation and promotion of the imperial domain of Constantine the Great’s villa at Mediana.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e \u041d\u0438\u0448\u0430. \u041e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0421\u0410\u041d\u0423 \u043a\u045a. 102, \u0411\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 2004.<\/p>\n

\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u045b, \u0420. 1938. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0430 \u0443 \u0411\u0440\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440 XIII, 199-204.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u0440\u0447\u0430, \u0421. 1979. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043d\u0430 (\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447), \u041d\u0438\u0448.<\/p>\n

Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas N., Milo\u0161evi\u0107 G., Crnoglavac V. 2016, Stibadium B of Villa with peristyle at Mediana, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440, LXVI, 81-102.<\/p>\n

Gavrilovi\u0107 N. 2017, The Marble Group Depicting Drunken Dionysus with Satyr from Mediana, Ante Portam Auream. Studia in Honorem Professoris Aleksandar Jovanovi\u0107, ed. Miroslav B. Vujovi\u0107, Belgrade, 193-203.<\/p>\n

Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas N. 2018, Late Roman Mediana, Roman Limes and Cities on the territory of Serbia, eds. \u041c. Kora\u0107, S. Pop-Lazi\u0107, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts \u2013 Institute of Archaeology Belgrade 2018, 172-182.<\/p>\n

Jovanovi\u0107 A. 1974, Neki aspekti skupnog nalaza skulptura sa Medijane kod Ni\u0161a, Starinar XXIV-XXV (1973-1974), Beograd, 57-65.<\/p>\n

Milo\u0161evi\u0107, G. 1996, Archaeological park \u201cMediana\u201d by Ni\u0161 (Naissus), XIII U.I.S.P.P. Congress International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences, Forli.<\/p>\n

Milo\u0161evi\u0107 G., Gavrilovi\u0107 N. 2013, Carska ideologija u arhitekturi, umetnosti i skulpturi rimske vile na Medijani, Zbornik radova 1700 godina milanskog edikta, Ni\u0161, 907-922.<\/p>\n

Milo\u0161evi\u0107 G. 2013, The architecture of the residential complex in Mediana, Constantine the Great and the Edict of Milan 313, The birth of Christianity in the Roman provinces on the soil of Serbia (eds. I. Popovi\u0107, B. Bori\u0107-Bre\u0161kovi\u0107), Archaeological Monographs 22, National Museum in Belgrade, Belgrade, 118-125.<\/p>\n

Milo\u0161evi\u0107 G. 2011, A residential complex at Mediana: the architectural perspective, (Hrs: Gerda von B\u00fclow\/Heinrich Zabehlicky) Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad. Sp\u00e4tantike Pal\u00e4ste und Gro\u00dfvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf vom 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008), Bonn, 167-176.<\/p>\n

Petrovi\u0107, P. 1994, Medijana. Rezidencija rimskih careva, izd. SANU, Arheolo\u0161ki institut Beograd i NM<\/p>\n

Vasi\u0107, M. 2004, Bronze Railing from Mediana, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440 LIII-LIV (2003-2004), Belgrade, 79-109.<\/p>\n

Vasi\u0107 M., Gavrilovi\u0107 N. 2012, Venus or Diana from Mediana, Starinar, LXII\/2012, Beograd 2012, 137-149.<\/p>\n

Vasi\u0107 M., Milo\u0161evi\u0107 G., Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas N., Crnoglavac V. 2016, Constantine\u2019s Villa at Mediana, ed. s. Popovi\u0107, The National Museum Ni\u0161, Ni\u0161.<\/p>\n

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\t\t\t\t\tDr Nade\u017eda Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   The research interests of Dr Nade\u017eda Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas are related to Roman provincial archaeology, with a focus on religion, cults, art and minor arts (primarily Roman statues, sculpture, and votive and funerary monuments and their iconography). In the context of Roman provincial religion, Dr Gavrilovi\u0107 Vitas studies ritual practices and […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\t\t\t\t\tMarija Jovi\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Marija Jovi\u0107 specializes in Roman-period archaeology. Through many years of rescue and systematic excavations, she has gained extensive experience in analyzing the formation of Roman military fortifications and Late Antique necropolises in southern and southeastern Serbia, as well as in the study of Roman archaeological material, particularly ceramics and coins. […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\t\t\t\t\tDr Igor Bjeli\u0107<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Interests and methodology of research   Dr Igor Bjeli\u0107 is mostly dedicated to the research of influence transmission in antique architecture from Byzantine architecture to local architecture on the territory of Serbia. Dr Bjeli\u0107 is also involved in the analysis of materials, arch construction, heating construction, waterworks, fortifications, urban structures, Roman and Medieval towns, architectural decoration, […]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t

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The archaeological site of Mediana is an open-type settlement located about 4 km east of Ni\u0161 (Naissus). It developed from an agricultural farm to a luxurious administrative-residential complex with buildings of various purposes. It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great who, in the period between 317 and 334, often stayed in the Balkans and then built and reconstructed different buildings at Mediana, of which the villa with peristyle is the most significant and the most fully explored building. Mediana represented an imperial residence that was visited by different successors of Constantine the Great (such as Constans and Constantius II) who continued to reconstruct and build at Mediana, and where, in 364, Valentian I and Valens divided the army and the Roman empire between themselves.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5711,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[187],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antiquity"],"yoast_head":"\nNAISSUS \u2013 MEDIANA - Institute of Archaeology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ai.ac.rs\/en\/naissus-mediana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NAISSUS \u2013 MEDIANA - Institute of Archaeology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The archaeological site of Mediana is an open-type settlement located about 4 km east of Ni\u0161 (Naissus). It developed from an agricultural farm to a luxurious administrative-residential complex with buildings of various purposes. It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great who, in the period between 317 and 334, often stayed in the Balkans and then built and reconstructed different buildings at Mediana, of which the villa with peristyle is the most significant and the most fully explored building. 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